Extension of Thermodynamics for Additional Interactions (Non-Simple Systems)

Abstract

In this chapter we briefly discuss the possibility of including further interactions in the thermodynamic description, and the release of the previously applied constraints in simple systems. Thus the possibility of the formal treatment of anisotropic deformations, of magnetic, electric and gravitational fields, of systems containing electrically charged particles, and surface effects is briefly described. We also discuss somewhat more detailed the thermodynamics of a couple of interactions that occur more frequently in the chemical praxis; namely the thermodynamics of surfaces and of systems containing electrically charged particles.