Ultrasound-Guided Neurosurgery

Abstract

Intraoperative sonography has been used in neurosurgery since the 1950s. The first ultrasound (US) modality introduced was A-mode, which did not produce anatomical images, but detected highly reflective surfaces along the direction of the ultrasound beam. A-mode ultrasound could be used to localize intracerebral mass lesions and to detect midline shift.