C60 in reflection nebulae

Abstract

The fullerene C60 has four infrared-active vibrational transitions at 7.0, 8.5, 17.4, and 18.9μm.We have previously observed emission features at 17.4 and 18.9μm in the reflection nebula NGC 7023 and demonstrated spatial correlations suggestive of a common origin. We now confirm our earlier identification of these features with C60 by detecting a third emission feature at 7.04 ± 0.05μm in NGC 7023. We also report the detection of these three C60 features in the reflection nebula NGC 2023. Our spectroscopic mapping of NGC 7023 shows that the 18.9μm C 60 feature peaks on the central star and that the 16.4μm emission feature due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons peaks between the star and a nearby photodissociation front. The observed features in NGC 7023 are consistent with emission from UV-excited gas-phase C60.We find that 0.1%-0.6% of interstellar carbon is in C60; this abundance is consistent with those from previous upper limits and possible fullerene detections in the interstellar medium (ISM). This is the first firm detection of neutral C60 60 in the ISM. © 2010. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.