Comparative Evaluation and Correlation of Pain Pattern in Neck Musculature Observed in Mild, Moderate, and Severe Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Cases as Compared to Non-temporomandibular Joint Disorder Cases

Abstract

Introduction Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a broad term used to describe several interlinked disorders affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), muscles of the craniofacial region, and associated structures, all of which have common symptoms such as pain and reduced jaw opening. Along with these, extra-craniofacial symptoms may also be present, which need to be assessed for early diagnosis of TMD. Considering the extra-craniofacial symptoms of TMD, this observational study aimed to evaluate the severity of pain in the neck musculature of patients with TMD and correlate it with the severity of the disorder. Material and methods A total of 44 patients were included in the study who were graded for severity of TMD based on the amnestic and dysfunctional components of the Helkimo index separately. The pain was evaluated bilaterally in five groups of neck muscles in all cases using manual palpation. The severity of pain in these neck muscles was then correlated with the severity of both subjective and objective symptoms of TMD and compared with patients without TMD. Results The Chi-square test revealed a statistically significant association between the severity of pain in all five groups of neck muscles and the severity of TMD. The severity of pain increased with the increasing severity of TMD, with a total of 59.09% of TMD patients presenting with varying degrees of pain in the neck musculature and a p-value of 0.0001% which was significant. Negligible pain in the neck musculature was present in patients without TMD. Conclusion Based on the results, it was observed that the severity of TMD directly correlated with pain in various groups of neck muscles. 59.09% of patients with TMD reported varying degrees of pain in the neck musculature. The severity and distribution of pain in the neck muscles increased with the increasing severity of TMD.