Chemical Vapor Transport Synthesis of Fibrous Red Phosphorus Crystal as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Red phosphorus (RP) is considered to be the most promising anode material for lithium-Ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical specific capacity and suitable voltage platform. However, its poor electrical conductivity (10−12 S/m) and the large volume changes that accompany the cycling process severely limit its practical application. Herein, we have prepared fibrous red phosphorus (FP) that possesses better electrical conductivity (10−4 S/m) and a special structure by chemical vapor transport (CVT) to improve electrochemical performance as an anode material for LIBs. Compounding it with graphite (C) by a simple ball milling method, the composite material (FP-C) shows a high reversible specific capacity of 1621 mAh/g, excellent high-rate performance and long cycle life with a capacity of 742.4 mAh/g after 700 cycles at a high current density of 2 A/g, and coulombic efficiencies reaching almost 100% for each cycle.