Integrated bio-cycles system for sustainable and productive tropical natural resources management in Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia is known as the emerald of the equator which has high values of natural resources, although it also has a huge disaster risk. It’s because it is located in strategic areas, namely, (1) the equator, (2) Ring of Fire, and (3) earth plates of Eurasia, Pacific, and Indo-Australia. Tropical ecosystem has high temperature, rainfall, moisture, light intensity, and rapid organic cycling along a year, so they have the highest biodiversity and net primary production in the world. As a part of the Ring of Fire, the land becomes more fertile because it is always supplied by new volcanic materials which contain a lot of important nutrients. The earth plate resulted in the accumulation of valuable mine minerals. Tropical natural resources have a high potential resource but still have less economical values, because it is still under mismanagement that is not based on natural norms. We have to shift paradigm from natural resource-based development to knowledge-based development. New paradigm from extraction to empowerment of natural resource will give new challenge to shift from red-green economic to blue economic concept that should be more smart, global, focused, and futuristic for sustainable development. An education of sustainable development system should be developing with a strong culture and values of humanity that educate the head, heart, and hand, respectively. Development of Integrated Bio-cycles System (IBS) in a closed-to-nature ecosystem will manage land resources (soil, mineral, water, air, microclimate) and biological resources (flora, fauna, human) that could have more high added value in environment, economic, socioculture, and health aspects. This integrated farming system has multifunction and multiproduct that produce food, feed, fiber, fertilizer, energy, water, oxygen, medicine, mystic, and tourism for sustainable and productive tropical natural resource management.