ERK-activated CK-2 triggers blastema formation during appendage regeneration

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Abstract

Appendage regeneration relies on the formation of blastema, a heterogeneous cellular structure formed at the injury site. However, little is known about the early injury-activated signaling pathways that trigger blastema formation during appendage regeneration. Here, we provide compelling evidence that the extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)–activated casein kinase 2 (CK-2), which has not been previously implicated in appendage regeneration, triggers blastema formation during leg regeneration in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. After amputation, CK-2 undergoes rapid activation through ERK-induced phosphorylation within blastema cells. RNAi knockdown of CK-2 severely impairs blastema formation by repressing cell proliferation through down-regulating mitosis-related genes. Evolutionarily, the regenerative role of CK-2 is conserved in zebrafish caudal fin regeneration via promoting blastema cell proliferation. Together, we find and demonstrate that the ERK-activated CK-2 triggers blastema formation in both cockroach and zebrafish, helping explore initiation factors during appendage regeneration.

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APA

Zhang, X. S., Wei, L., Zhang, W., Zhang, F. X., Li, L., Li, L., … Li, S. (2024). ERK-activated CK-2 triggers blastema formation during appendage regeneration. Science Advances, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk8331

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