Bio-based nanomaterials for energy application: A review

Abstract

Bio-nanomaterials have been gaining increased attention recently due to their special, nano-specific properties such as their high specific area compared to their bulk materials and their environmentally friendly, and renewable properties. Overall, this review discusses recent advances of two nanomaterials derived from bio-sources, which are nanocellulose and carbon-based nanomaterials in the application of electrochemical energy storage devices, specifically batteries and supercapacitors. Besides, this review briefly analyses the challenges and perspectives of biomass utilization for the synthesis of nanomaterials. The emergence of another conductive nanomaterials such as MXene, which can be a challenge to the bio-based nanomaterials for the application in energy storage devices, is also mentioned in this review.