Kesejahteraan Keluarga dan Kualitas Lingkungan Pengasuhan pada Anak Usia Sekolah

Abstract

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik anak, karakteristik keluarga, dan kesejahteraan keluarga terhadap kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan pada anak usia prasekolah. Contoh terdiri atas 120 anak pendidikan prasekolah di Kota Sungai Penuh, Provinsi Jambi yang dipilih dengan cara acak. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan pengamatan, serta dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif, uji korelasi, dan uji regresi linear berganda. Berdasarkan indikator garis kemiskinan, keluarga dikelompokkan menjadi keluarga sejahtera dan keluarga tidak sejahtera. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 45,8% keluarga termasuk dalam sejahtera dan 54,2% keluarga termasuk tidak sejahtera. Kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan diukur menggunakan skala Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment dan dikategorikan menjadi baik dan kurang baik. Orang tua memberikan stimulasi bahasa, sikap tanggap, dan modeling dalam kualitas baik, sedangkan stimulasi belajar, lingkungan fisik, stimulasi akademik, variasi stimulasi, dan penerimaan dengan kualitas yang kurang baik. Kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh usia anak, besar keluarga, pendidikan ibu, jenis kelamin anak, dan kesejahteraan keluarga. Kata kunci: anak usia prasekolah, HOME, kemiskinan, pendidikan prasekolah, pengasuhan Family Welfare and Home Environment Quality on Preschool Aged Children Abstract The aim of the research was to analyze the influence of child characteristics, family characteristics, and family welfare on quality of home environment on preschool aged children. The samples involved 120 formal and nonformal preschool age children in Sungai Penuh District, Jambi Province that were chosen by stratified random sampling. Data was collected by interview and observation, and also was analyzed by descriptive analysis, correlation test, and multiple linear regression test. Based on poverty line indicator, families were divided into welfare families and nonwelfare families. The results showed that 45,8% families was welfare and 54,2% families was nonwelfare. The quality of home environment was measured by scale of Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) and was divided into good and less. Parent provided language stimulation, responsivisity, and modeling into good quality, while the availability of learning materials, physical environment; academic stimulation, variety of stimulation, and acceptance into less quality. The quality of home environment was influenced by child's age and sex, family size, maternal education, and family welfare.