Pentraxin 3 as biomarker

Abstract

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a member of the pentraxin superfamily, contains the HxCxS/ TWxS pentraxin signature. It is produced by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages in various tissues in response to the different stimulants including inflammatory signals, Toll-like receptor activation, microbial moieties, or microorganisms. PTX3 has the abilities to interact with several ligands. PTX3 has significant biological roles in the inflammation, the immune system, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and restenosis, and maturation of oocytes. BloodPTX3levels are reliable predicted long-termmortality. PTX3 levels have been shown to be an independent marker of disease activity. Recently reported translational studies suggest that PTX3 may be a useful biomarker of various human diseases. In particular, the combination of PTX3 and classical biomarkers provides more diagnostic and prognostic value in several clinical conditions, including sepsis, infectious diseases, acute coronary syndrome, and chronic kidney disease. PTX3may be a novel, promising biomarker that provides useful prognostic information for clinical outcomes in different pathological conditions.