Omics technologies in diagnostics of lung adenocarcinoma

Abstract

To date lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Numerous studies on LAC biology resulted in identification of crucial mutations in protooncogenes and activating neoplastic transformation pathways. Therapeutic approaches that significantly increase the survival rate of patients with LAC of different etiology have been developed and introduced into clinical practice. However, the main problem in the treatment of LAC is early diagnosis, taking into account both factors and mechanisms responsible in tumor initiation and progression. Identification of a wide biomarker repertoire with high specificity and reliability of detection appears to be a solution to this problem. In this context, proteins with differential expression in normal and pathological condition, suitable for detection in biological fluids are the most promising biomarkers. In this review we have analyzed literature data on studies aimed at search of LAC biomarkers. The major attention has been paid to protein biomarkers as the most promising and convenient subject of clinical diagnosis. The review also summarizes existing knowledge on posttranslational modifications, splice variants, isoforms, as well asmodel systems and transcriptome changes in LAC.