Emerging adaptation to climate change in agriculture

Abstract

Agriculture is vulnerable to climate change. Adaptation is therefore necessary to moderate harm or exploit the beneficial opportunities of climate change in agriculture. In the 2015 Paris Agreement, the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) states, “parties hereby establish the global goal on adaptation.” However, limited information on local adaptation practices hinders a review of the overall progress in the adaptation communication. Therefore, we must collect emerging adaptations. This article reviews the available evidence on agricultural adaptation in response to observed or anticipated climate change. A literature review showed both negative and positive impacts of climate change. The emerged adaptations were diverse and ranged from affecting producers to national governments in scope and from incremental to transformational in type. These responses pose challenges in monitoring, modeling, and assessing adaptations in countries at the global scale and require additional research.