Design of X-ray Contrast Agents

Abstract

In vivo imaging for diagnostic purposes began with the utilization of x-rays to penetrate the body and with film to record the differential absorption of tissues. Advances in imaging this process continue today, including digital detection of the penetrating x-rays with planar, circular, and soon volumetric detector arrays. Computer-based reconstruction of x-rays completing the journey have dramatically improved the quality and utility of imaging x-ray absorption or scatter. It is too soon to declare that further developments in radiographic imaging technologies are unlikely; for example, the time of flight methods being developed for visible light, gating or pulsing algorithms, adopting interference technologies, or building hybrid systems combining simultaneous imaging with complementary modalities could lead to new generations of medical (and nonmedical) instruments. Traditionally, contrast agent enthusiasts have had to adapt their methods and materials for existing radiographic devices.