Testing the neutrino annihilation model for launching GRB jets

Abstract

The mechanism behind the launching of gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets remains debated resulting in large uncertainty over the jet composition. Both magnetohydrodynamical and neutrino annihilation models have been proposed for the energy extraction in a black hole/accretiondisc central engine. In particular, for the extreme accretion rates M˙ ~ 0.1-1M⊙ s-1 expected for bursts of duration T ≲ 100 s, the disc can be an efficient neutrino emitter. Neutrino- antineutrino annihilation results in an energy deposition rate at the jet that can, in principle, account for the burst's energetics. Recent discoveries of X-ray flares hours after the burst and of ultra-long GRBs suggest that GRB activity can last for ~104 s or longer. These longlived events have fluence similar to that of classical GRBs. In view of these findings, we re-evaluate the neutrino annihilation model. We derive the maximum possible energy of a neutrino-powered jet as a function of the burst duration and show that the available energy drops fast for longer bursts. For a standard choice of the parameters, the model falls short by three to four orders of magnitude in explaining the observed energetics of events that last longer than ~103 s.