Menopause

Abstract

Menopause is a natural occurrence that marks the end of woman’s reproductive years. In layman’s terms, menopause is often described as an absence of “periods.” However, the process is most accurately defined as the permanent cessation of menses. Clinical menopause is recognized after 12 months of amenorrhea [1]. The normal transition period that occurs prior to menopause is known as perimenopause. This transition begins approximately 4 years prior to menopause and is a result of progressive decline in ovarian function. This transition leads to menstrual cycle disruption, with waxing and waning of ovarian function. During perimenopause and menopause, women will experience many symptoms that include hot flashes, vaginal dryness, as well as mood and sleep disturbances [2]. There are several treatment options, both hormonal and nonhormonal, to combat these unwanted menopausal symptoms.