Chronic kidney disease in urolithiasis patients following successful extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

Abstract

Recently, it has been reported that kidney stones are a significant and independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population. However, the prevalence of CKD in patients following successful extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, the prevalence of CKD and the clinical factors associated with the presence of CKD in patients following successful ESWL were investigated. A cross-sectional study was performed in 114 patients who had undergone ESWL for upper urinary tract stones and 96 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. We initially determined the stage of CKD and compared the prevalence of CKD between healthy subjects and patients who underwent successful ESWL. We then investigated the clinical factors associated with the presence of CKD by logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of CKD was significantly higher in patients following successful ESWL than in the healthy subjects [40 patients (35.1%) vs. 9 healthy controls (9.4%), P<0.0001]. Logistic regression analysis showed that the significant factors associated with the presence of CKD were increased body mass index (BMI) and the presence of a ureteric stone (pre-ESWL stone position). The findings indicated that there was a high prevalence of CKD among patients following successful ESWL, and that an increased BMI and a ureteric stone were factors associated with the presence of CKD.