Evaluation of Piper betle L. Aqueous Extract on Salmonella sp. Isolates from Small Intestine of Quails

Abstract

Background and Objective: Piper betle L. leaves (beetle leaves) is an example among medicinal plants that could inhibit the growth of Salmonella. This research was aimed to evaluate beetle leaves aqueous extracts ability to inhibit Salmonella sp. by in vivo and in vitro research. Materials and Methods: The research was consisted of three steps. Those steps were finding optimum concentration of extract supplementation, raising the quails and evaluating Salmonellasp. colonies in small intestine of quails which had been given treatment for six weeks. A completely randomized design of seven treatments and three replication was used in this study. The treatments were: P0 = commercial anti-stress supplementation since Day Old Quail (DOQ); P1 = 10% extract supplementation since DOQ; P2 = 20% extract supplementation since DOQ; P3 = 30% extract since DOQ; P4 = 40% extract supplementation since laying period; P5 = 10% extract supplementation since laying period; P6 = 20% extract supplementation since laying period; P7 = 30% extract supplementation since laying period. Data was analyzed with Duncan post hoc test if shows a significant difference (p<0.05) using SPSS as statistical analysis software. Results: According to the inhibition zone, the results show that right level supplementation of extracts to be used was 10% (2.5 mm), 20% (3.5 mm) and 30% (7 mm) which had been added in drinking water. Compared to control treatment (P0), addition of extracts (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6) could decrease the colonies of Salmonella sp. in small intestine of quail significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: Beetle leaves aqueous extract supplementation could inhibit Salmonella contamination. Higher concentration of extract leads to higher inhibition zone. The best treatment to reduce Salmonella sp. was P6. Extracts supplementation are better given at laying period rather than DOQ period.