Metabolic disturbances of acid-base and electrolytes

Abstract

After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Use a systematic approach to identify the types of acid-base disorders. Be proficient in calculating the anion gap (AG) and the delta:delta equations. Differentiate among common causes of elevated AG and non-AG acidoses. Identify common causes of metabolic alkalosis. List the common causes, clinical symptoms, and physical examination signs of: Hyponatremia Hypernatremia Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia Hypomagnesemia Hypermagnesemia Hypophosphatemia Hyperphosphatemia Determine the treatment options for the electrolyte disorders listed. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.