Theories of motivation in open and distance education

Abstract

The motivation of learners in open and distance education (ODE) is an increasingly important source of interest for researchers and educators. This interest is understandable as motivation, learning and academic success are interconnected. A lack of motivation contributes to the low retention rates often seen in ODE courses. A central concept of a number of motivation theories is autonomy or agency, which refers to the proactive engagement and empowerment of individuals in their own success and development. Furthermore, autonomy or learner control is a well-known concept in the ODE research via theories such as transactional distance. This chapter focuses on self-efficacy, self-determination and interest motivation theories that have learner autonomy and empowerment at their core. Related empirical research in ODE is discussed and the value of adopting robust theories of motivation is highlighted. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future research.