Common Issues of Virtual Reality in Neuro-Rehabilitation

Abstract

Use of virtual reality (VR) has been developing rapidly in the rehabilitation field. The efficacy and efficiency of VR application in either an immersive or a non-immersive type, has been demonstrated for different client groups during the last few decades. This book chapter provides a review of “what, how and why” of virtual reality application for neuro- rehabilitation, with a focus on cognitive rehabilitation. Examples of technology transfer to VR-assessment (such as retrospective and prospective memory assessment) and - intervention for persons with special needs (for examples, everyday memory, community living skills and vocational training skills) will be highlighted. The client groups include persons with stroke, traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, older adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Ecological validity of VR-test will be discussed in terms of transfer ratio from training to real-life task. Hints in better designing, structuring the content in virtual environment (VE) for navigation, interaction, presence and immersion functions will be outlined. New development including tele-VR rehabilitation, artificial intelligence (AI) application in cognitive rehabilitation in neurological patients and vocational rehabilitation for schizophrenic trainees will be introduced.