Antibiotic Resistance Gene Due to Manure Application

Abstract

Application of animal manures to agricultural fields is an age old practice for enriching the soil nutrients in agricultural soil. The horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes and their transfer between species and compartments is specially emphasised. Understanding the challenges in tackling the surveillance of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes is essential for the implementation of effective management options. In this chapter, we discuss the main knowledge gaps, the future research needs and the policy and management options that should be prioritized to tackle antibiotic resistance in the farm environment.