Ecological performance and recycling options of primary structures

Abstract

A sustainably and optimally building material is defined consequently in a well-balanced relation between ecological aspects and structural engineering requirements and should be selected depending on external conditions. By choosing environmentally friendly building materials and joining techniques, at least resource-efficient and sustainable construction can be achieved. As a contribution to the discussion about which building materials offer the most optimal and environmentally friendly properties for the construction industry, this paper gives an overview of sustainable construction. It illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of certain building materials and structural components by comparing their mechanical properties and ecological aspects using various types of life-cycle assessment (LCA). As far as construction materials are concerned, e.g. wood-based materials have the greatest potential in terms of renewable primary energy demand compared to all other constructions materials. Furthermore, due to the high recycling potential, wood has the lowest share of non-renewable primary energy demand, whereas the highest non-renewable primary energy demand is caused by mineral building materials. This paper illustrates how the natural resources can be used both optimally and sustainably. It presents a conceptual framework for scenario development of the LCA of primary structures, their effect on the design and decision-making process.