Shoulder Dystocia

Abstract

Shoulder dystocia, an obstetrician’s nightmare, is an uncommon but catastrophic intrapartum event. It represents an important cause for increase in morbidity of the mother and fetus. Though risk factors for shoulder dystocia like macrosomia, diabetes, and obesity have been identified, it is still an unexpected and unpreventable emergency in obstetrics. It is frequently found in patients with no identifiable risk factors. Even if appropriately managed, it is documented as the most common litigated cause in obstetrics since shoulder dystocia is associated with permanent birth-related neonatal injuries and maternal complications in majority of the cases. Keystone to the successful management of shoulder dystocia is anticipation, constant preparedness, team-oriented approach, and appropriate documentation. Periodic “skill drills” should be there for all the birth attendants for increasing awareness and training about shoulder dystocia.