Healthy-Smart Concept as Standard Design of Kitchen Waste Biogas Digester for Urban Households

Abstract

This paper aims to analyse the healthy-smart concept as a standard design of kitchen waste biogas for urban people. The anaerobic digester (AD) is designed for family size. The planned vertical digester is a one-stage-semi-continuous type because this AD type is easy to operate in urban areas. Kitchen waste or food waste can be generalized as all bio-materials produced from kitchen activities (including vegetables, fruits, bread, rice, coffee ground, tea leaves, etc). The biggest problem with household waste is the non-uniformity of feedstock entering the digester biogas. Five steps will be carried out: to establish technical standards in designing kitchen waste; to calculate the biogas potential from kitchen waste; to simulate the methane demand and generation profile; to calculate the geometry of the biogas digester; and to analyse the operation parameter for gas production into the healthy-smart concept. With a simple simulation of two people in the household for 1 d, the results show that biogas produced from kitchen waste is sufficient for cooking purposes. For the healthy-smart concept of biogas production, some operation parameters must be considered, such as; pH, alkalinity, temperature, volatile fatty acid concentration, volatile solids, and C/N ratio. The results can be used in overcoming the urban household waste and also as a reference in sustainable urban planning.