Pendekatan Dakwah Nabi SAW terhadap Wanita Menurut al-Sunnah

Abstract

Pendekatan dakwah yang diambil oleh Nabi SAW terhadap kaum wanita disifatkan oleh sesetengah pihak sebagai berbentuk kekerasan, hinaan dan merendahkan martabat mereka. Tanggapan tersebut bertitik-tolak daripada kefahaman yang salah terhadap hadith-hadith sahih berkaitan interaksi Nabi SAW terhadap kaum wanita khususnya yang terdapat dalam kitab-kitab hadith induk. Justeru, artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji pendekatan dakwah Nabi SAW terhadap kaum wanita berdasarkan hadith-hadith terpilih terutamanya yang terdapat dalam al-Kutub al-Sittah dengan membincangkan pandangan ulama hadith terhadap maksud dan konteks hadith. Bagi mencapai tujuan tersebut, kajian yang berbentuk kualitatif dilaksanakan bagi mendapatkan data-kata daripada sumber primer seperti Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim dan kitab Sunan yang lain. Data-data tersebut dianalisis berdasarkan metode induktif dan deduktif. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pendekatan dakwah Nabi SAW terhadap kaum wanita adalah pelbagai, berdasarkan situasi dan kesesuaian. Antaranya adalah pendekatan dakwah yang berbentuk galakan, ancaman, perumpamaan dan penceritaan yang setiap satunya mempunyai kriteria-kriteria tertentu. Dalam hal ini, pendekatan yang dipraktikkan oleh Nabi SAW menjadi asas dalam membentuk kaedah dakwah yang berkesan terhadap kaum wanita. The approach engaged by the Prophet (PBUH) to preach women were deemed by some as harsh, insulting and a degradation. These responses stem from misconstruing authentic hadiths pertaining to the Prophet’s interactions with women, especially those found in the major hadith compilations. Therefore, this article aims to study the Prophet’s approach to women based on selected hadiths, especially those found in al-Kutub al-Sittah by discussing the views of the hadith scholars on the intent and context of the hadith. To achieve this purpose, a qualitative study was conducted to obtain data from primary sources such as Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim and other Sunans. The data were analyzed based on inductive and deductive methods. The findings of the study show that the Prophet’s preaching approach to women was varied, based on the situation and the suitability. Among those are in the form of encouragement, threats, parables and storytelling each of which has its own certain criteria. In this regard, these approaches practised by the Prophet (PBUH) was foundational in establishing an effective methods of preaching upon women.