Hyponatremia: Is it related to the seasons?

Abstract

Background: Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder in inpatients related to morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to examine whether there is a relationship between the incidence of hyponatremia and the seasons among the patients hospitalized in our nephrology department. Methods: The inpatients in our Nephrology Department between 2012 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients with serum sodium levels below 135 mmol/L were included in the study. Hyponatremia incidence was calculated as the proportion of inpatients with low sodium levels in a season to the total number of inpatients in the same season. Results: Out of 1950 inpatients in four years, 509 were found to have hyponatremia (26.1%). The mean serum sodium level of the patients was 129.7±4.7 mmol/L. Hyponatremia incidences in autumn, winter, spring, and summer were found to be 28.7%, 15.4%, 20.4%, and 36.6%, respectively. Upon comparing the incidence of hyponatremia in patients hospitalized in winter and summer seasons, there was a significantly higher incidence of hyponatremia in summer (p<0.001). We found a positive correlation between hyponatremia incidence and temperature (r=0.867, p=0.001). However, there was a negative correlation between hyponatremia incidence and relative humidity (r=-0.735, p=0.001). Conclusions: The highest hyponatremia incidence was observed in summer in a four-year period. Loss of sodium by perspiration, along with increased temperature and/or excessive hypotonic fluid intake, might contribute to the development of hyponatremia.