The Pediatric History and Physical Examination

Abstract

With some exceptions, the history and physical examinations must be tailored to pediatric patients. The historian is usually not the patient. Specific techniques are discussed to insure reliable information. Also discussed are the chief complaint, past medical history, developmental history, family history, and systems review. The physical examination begins with vital signs, the general physical examination, and the special aspects of the lower extremity physical examination with special emphasis on range of motion evaluation. Tables are provided to cover Apgar scores, developmental milestones, temperature conversion from Celsius to Fahrenheit, definition of fever, cranial nerve examination, superficial and deep tendon reflexes, postural reflexes, and lower extremity dermatomes.