OBJECTIVE - We recently identified esculeoside A, a new spirosolane-type glycoside, with a content in tomatoes that is 4-fold higher than that of lycopene. In the present study, we examined the effects of esculeoside A and esculeogenin A, a new aglycon of esculeoside A, on foam cell formation in vitro and atherogenesis in apoE-deficient mice. METHODS AND RESULTS - Esculeogenin A significantly inhibited the accumulation of cholesterol ester (CE) induced by acetylated low density lipoprotein (acetyl-LDL) in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) in a dose-dependent manner without inhibiting triglyceride accumulation, however, it did not inhibit the association of acetyl-LDL to the cells. Esculeogenin A also inhibited CE formation in Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing acyl-coenzymeA (CoA): cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT)-1 or ACAT-2, suggesting that esculeogenin A suppresses the activity of both ACAT-1 and ACAT-2. Furthermore, esculeogenin A prevented the expression of ACAT-1 protein, whereas that of SR-A and SR-BI was not suppressed. Oral administration of esculeoside A to apoE-deficient mice significantly reduced the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and the areas of atherosclerotic lesions without any detectable side effects. CONCLUSIONS - Our study provides the first evidence that purified esculeogenin A significantly suppresses the activity of ACAT protein and leads to reduction of atherogenesis. © 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.
CITATION STYLE
Fujiwara, Y., Kiyota, N., Hori, M., Matsushita, S., Iijima, Y., Aoki, K., … Nagai, R. (2007). Esculeogenin A, a new tomato sapogenol, ameliorates hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice by inhibiting ACAT. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 27(11), 2400–2406. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.147405
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