Sunlight-driven hydrogen peroxide production from water and molecular oxygen by metal-free photocatalysts

Abstract

Design of green, safe, and sustainable process for the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a very important subject. Early reported processes, however, require hydrogen (H2) and palladium-based catalysts. Herein we propose a photocatalytic process for H2O2 synthesis driven by metalfree catalysts with earth-abundant water and molecular oxygen (O2) as resources under sunlight irradiation (δ>400 nm). We use graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) containing electrondeficient aromatic diimide units as catalysts. Incorporating the diimide units positively shifts the valence-band potential of the catalysts, while maintaining sufficient conduction-band potential for O2 reduction. Visible light irradiation of the catalysts in pure water with O2 successfully produces H2O2 by oxidation of water by the photoformed valence-band holes and selective two-electron reduction of O2 by the conduction band electrons.