Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging for Sentinel Lymph Node Identification in Melanoma Surgery

Abstract

Although less common than other types of skin cancers, melanoma is accountable for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. The standard management for patients with clinically negative nodes includes a sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, which is commonly performed using a combination of radioactive tracer (Tc-99) and a blue dye (isosulfan or patent blue). There are numerous drawbacks associated with Tc-99 and blue dyes such as elevated costs, logistical challenges, and anaphylactic reactions among others. In recent years, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) has emerged as a safe, effective, less costly, and more convenient alternative for the identification of SLNs in melanoma. We discuss the case of a 51-year-old man with melanoma in his left upper back. Two SLNs in the left axilla were successfully identified using NIR fluorescence. NIR fluorescence with ICG for SLN identification has proven to increase the sensitivity and accuracy when used in combination with lymphoscintigraphy.