The risk factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Latar belakang: Penderita Diabetes melitus (DM) yang tidak ditangani dengan baik akan menimbulkankomplikasi Nefropati Diabetika sebagai penyebab utama dari Gagal Ginjal terminal. Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk menentukan faktor risiko Gagal Ginjal pada pasien DM tipe 2. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang yang meneliti faktor risiko Gagal Ginjal pada pasienrawat jalan DM tipe 2 di bagian penyakit dalam RSUD kota Bekasi mulai tanggal 01 September 2015sampai dengan 30 September 2015. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur. Sampeldalam penelitian ini berjumlah 246 purposive individual sampling (107 pria dan 139 wanita). Analisisdata mempergunakan SPSS versi 21 dan EPISTAT versi 3.3 Hasil: Faktor risiko gagal ginjal yang terkait dengan perjalanan penyakit DM tipe 2 adalah: umur saatdidiagnosis DM 36-54 tahun (ORa=2.41; p=0.01); menderita DM 6-10 tahun dan lebih dari 10 tahunsetelah didiagnosis (ORa=4.30; p=0.000 vs ORa=18.54; p=0.000). Dibandingkan dengan kadar glukosadarah awal 201-300 mg/dl, responden dengan kadar gula darah awal 401-500 mg/dl dan lebih dari 500mg/dl masing-masing berisiko Gagal Ginjal 5.63 kali dan 11.11 kali (p=0.000 vs p=0.000). Kadar glukosadarah tertinggi >500 mg/dl berisiko Gagal Ginjal 5.86 kali dibandingkan dengan 201-300 mg/dl (p=0.000). Kesimpulan: Usia pada saat didiagnosis DM, lamanya menderita DM setelah didiagnosis, kadar glukosadarah awal dan kadar glukosa darah tertinggi >500 mg/dl merupakan faktor-faktor risiko Gagal Ginjal Kata kunci: Faktor risiko, progresi DM tipe 2, Gagal Ginjal AbstractBackground: A condition when Diabetes Mellitus patients does not get an adequate medical treatment,will cause Diabetic Nephropathy, which is a major cause of a terminal Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).The objective of this study is to determine risk factors of CKD in patients with type 2 DM. Methods: Design of this study was a cross sectional, that investigated risk factors of CKD in outpatientswho suffered type 2 DM at Department of Internal Medicine of Bekasi General Hospital from the 1st ofSeptember to the 30th of September, 2015. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires.Sample in this study was 246 purposive individual sampling (107 male and 139 female). The data analysisused SPSS version 21 and EPISTAT version 3.3. Results: The risk factors of CKD related to progressive of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 disease were: age atfirst diagnosed of DM 36-54 years (ORa=2.41; p=0.01), suffering DM 6-10 years and more than 10 yearsafter being diagnosed (ORa=4.30; p=0.000 vs ORa= 18.54; p=0.000 ). Referring to initial blood glucoselevels of 201-300 mg/dl, the respondents with initial blood glucose levels of 401-500 mg/dl and more than500 mg/dl had the risk of CKD 5.63 times and 11.11 times respectively (p=0.000 vs p=0.000). The highestblood glucose levels >500 mg/dl had the risk of CKD 5.86 times compared with 201-300 mg/dl (p=0.000). Conclusion: Age at first diagnosed of DM, duration of suffering DM post diagnosed, initial blood glucoselevels, and the highest blood glucose levels >500 mg/dl were the risk factors of CKD. Keywords: Risk factors, progressive of type 2 DM, CKD