Carbon Derived from Pine Needles as a Na + ‐Storage Electrode Material in Dual‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Pine needles are used as the precursor material to prepare hard carbon. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and N 2 adsorption–desorption tests are carried out to characterize the surface, crystal, and pore structure of the material. The pine needle derived carbon (PNC) exhibits excellent Na‐ion storage ability. A dual‐ion battery of PNC/graphite using a Na + ‐based organic electrolyte is constructed. The batteries display outstanding electrochemical performance: a superior energy density (200 Wh kg −1 at 131 W kg −1 ), high cut‐off voltage (4.7 V), and outstanding cycling stability (87.2% retention after 1000 cycles). In addition, the separate responses of the cathode and anode are investigated.