Converging relationships of obesity and hyperuricemia with special reference to metabolic disorders and plausible therapeutic implications

Abstract

Background: Obesity and hyperuricemia mutually influence metabolic syndrome. This study discusses the metabolic relationships between obesity and hyperuricemia in terms of pathophysiology, complications, and treatments. Methods: We searched for preclinical or clinical studies on the pathophysiology, complica-tions, and therapy of obesity and hyperuricemia on the PubMed database. Results: In this systemic review, we summarized our searching results on topics of patho-physiology, complications and therapeutic strategy. In pathophysiology, we firstly introduce genetic variations for obesity, hyperuricemia and their relationships by genetic studies. Secondly, we talk about the epigenetic influences on obesity and hyperuricemia. Thirdly, we describe the central metabolic regulation and the role of hyperuricemia. Then, we refer to the character of adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress in the obesity and hyper-uricemia. In the last part of this topic, we reviewed the critical links of gut microbiota in the obesity and hyperuricemia. In the following part, we review the pathophysiology of major complications in obesity and hyperuricemia including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Finally, we recapitu-late the therapeutic strategies especially the novel pharmaceutic interventions for obesity and hyperuricemia, which concurrently show the mutual metabolic influences between two diseases. Conclusion: The data reviewed here delineate the metabolic relationships between obesity and hyperuricemia, and provide a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic targets for the management of metabolic syndromes.