Exploring Processes of Teaching and Learning: The Case of Education for Critical Thinking in Ghana, Kenya, and Botswana

Abstract

This review examines recent literature on the processes of teaching and learning in African Higher Education, focusing on studies of teaching ‘for critical thinking’ in Kenya, Ghana, and Botswana. The findings suggest that practices aimed at supporting critical thinking in African universities share a number of similarities with those highlighted in the literature published elsewhere in the world. For example, the reviewed studies highlight the importance of curricular alignment, academic development, and varied assessment formats, while also acknowledging important limitations related to infrastructure, workload, and faculty and student attitudes. However, the review also exposes a crucial theoretical gap in the existing literature in the form of on-going reliance on theories of teaching and learning that were initially developed based on studies of Western university contexts. As both teaching and learning are cultural processes, this limitation may be preventing this emerging body of literature from fully supporting universities to develop new ways of teaching that best benefit their student populations.