Prevalence of congenital anomalies: a hospital-based study

Abstract

Background: Birth defects are a diverse group of disorders with prenatal origin that can be caused by single gene defects, chromosomal disorders, multifactorial inheritance, environmental teratogens and or micronutrient deficiencies. The objective of this study was to study the prevalence of congenital anomalies in Department of Pediatrics at Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Kambipura, Bangalore.Methods: The study population includes all babies born between 1 August 2015 and 31st July 2016. The babies were examined and assessed thoroughly for the presence of a congenital anomaly and were then distributed system wise by the pediatrician. Surgical conditions were also reevaluated by a pediatric surgeon.Results: Among the 2,137 deliveries, 86 babies had congenital malformations. Prematurity, consanguinity and increased maternal age elevate the appearance of congenital anomalies. The cardiovascular malformations were most common with a prevalence rate of 4%.Conclusions: Congenital anomalies are a global health problem. Thus, this study supports us to understand the prevalence of congenital anomalies. There is no association of congenital malformations with low birth weight babies. Consanguinity should be discouraged. Early antenatal scan aids in prior detection of congenital anomalies Appropriate genetic counselling can reduce the anomalies in future pregnancies.