Orbital fractures

Abstract

Orbital fractures are some of the most common and challenging midface fractures encountered in emergency departments and, subsequently, by head and neck reconstructive surgeons. The term "orbit" refers to the space formed by the osseous structures that surround the eye. Orbital fractures can occur alone or in combination with other facial injuries or fracture complexes, and the significance of an orbital injury is related to its effect on the orbital contents and/or the space itself. In addition to variations in the type of injury and their association with other facial fractures, debate with regard to indications, timing, and technique of fracture repair exists. Moreover, differences of opinion exist regarding the choice of incision, approach, reconstructive materials, and wound closure.