Development of gait rehabilitation devices: a review of the literature

Abstract

A ``Stroke{''} is a neurological disease due to poor blood flowing to the brain, resulting in body cell death. It is ranked second as the most common cause of death globally. The ``World Health Organization{''} estimates that about 15 million people suffer a stroke annually. Most stroke survivors have gait disorders, and most patients cannot walk without assistance. Physiotherapy is crucial for stroke patients to recover and maintain their mobility, functionality, and well-being. In the last 20 years, the replacement of physiotherapists with wearable robotics has become essential due to the developing technology, the need for economic growth, and the challenging health circumstances around the world, such as the COVID-19 pandemic recently. Lower Limb Exoskeleton (LLE) represents the solution for stroke patients under such circumstances, though its performance is a critical challenge paid attention to in the industry. This challenge has motivated the researchers to investigate the application of gait rehabilitation. This review presents and discusses the developments in the control system of LLE over the last decade. It also explores the limitations, new directions, and recommendations in LLE development according to the literature.