Transformações químicas dos ácidos húmicos durante o processo de vermicompostagem de resíduos orgânicos

Abstract

The production of organic waste during the agro-industrial processes is a problem for both environmental and economical issues due to the chemical characteristics of these wastes. Generally, stabilized organic residues are used as soil conditioners. These residues can affect both the chemical composition and the characteristics of exchangeable charges of the soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the formation of humic substances during the vermicomposting of different agro-industrial solid residues, as well as characterize the chemical and molecular composition. So, different residues (bovine manure (EB), sheep manure (EO); food waste from restaurants (RA); mud of parboiled rice (LP); waste of fruits and vegetables (RF)) were subjected to vermicomposted. Samples of these materials were dried, smashed and chemically characterized as pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, Ca, Mg, K, P, C/N ratio, and electrical conductivity (EC) before, during and after the vermicomposting process. In addition, it was analyzed the fractionation of organic matter such as humic substances, elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. According to the vermicomposting process of agro-industrial wastes, the total organic carbon and fulvic acids were reduced; however, humic acids increased proportionately. Among the studied vermicomposts, they differ in the final ratio of humic substances formed decreasing following: EB>RF>AND>RA>LP. This demonstrates a stabilization of organic compounds through the vermicompost process, and therefore can be used with greater safety in agriculture.