Multifactorial role of arbuscular mycorrhizae in agroecosystem

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are naturally occurring organisms and associated with most of the plant families (90%). The main mechanism of AMF is the uptake of nutrients and water from the soil when colonized and through hyphae glomalin (biological glue) produced. AMF are tolerant to different environmental conditions. However, AMF also are in microbial activity. AMF are predictable biocontrol agents in disease management and in plant health. In the agricultural point of view, AMF improved nutrition and enhanced plant growth. In the recent years of organic and sustainable products, reduction in chemical fertilizers application and biological control of plant pathogens are a goal of governments, producers and food safety organizations; AMF, in addition to other benefits and microorganism can access this kind of production. Some important soil-borne phytopathogenic diseases are controlled by AMF especially Glomus species. Some antagonists’ microbes could also obstruct with AMF fungi and positive interaction with other microorganisms for biomass and yield. AMF have multifaceted approaches in the different agroecosystem. Therefore this article presents an overview of current knowledge on mycorrhiza and their potential benefits to agriculture ecosystem.