Antioxidant responses and gene level expressions of sulla coronaria inoculated by heavy metals resistant plant growth promoting bacteria under cadmium stress

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is the most toxic contaminant for plants and soil microorganisms. Generally, heavy metals cause oxidative damage to plants through reactive oxygen species (ROS), in response, plants developed defense systems by different antioxidant such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX).