Measuring movement skill perceptions in preschool children: A face validity and reliability study

Abstract

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to determine the face validity and the reliability of a pictorial scale to assess preschool children's perceived movement skills. Methods: The pictorial scale examines the perceptions of the 12 fundamental movement skills presented in the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (six locomotor and six object control skills) and six active play skills (e.g. cycling). A total of 91 Australian children aged four to five years from 14 preschools completed the scale on two occasions to determine test–retest reliability. Internal consistency was determined for all 18 items and for each subscale. After the second test, participants were asked open-ended questions to gain insight into their understanding of what was happening in the pictures to determine the face validity. Results: Overall, children demonstrated a better understanding of object control and play skills compared to locomotor skills. Test–retest reliability values were good for object control (intra-class correlation, ICC = 0.75), locomotor (ICC = 0.78), active play skills (ICC = 0.80) and all 18 skills combined (ICC = 0.77). Internal consistency was acceptable for locomotor (Test 1 0.64, Test 2 0.75), object control (0.71, 0.76), active play skills (0.76, 0.74) and for all 18 skills combined (0.88, 0.90). Conclusions: Overall, this instrument demonstrated an acceptable reliability in preschool children and has provided preliminary information for examining the perceptions of movement skills. This age group presents a key target area for occupational therapists, who can assist preschool children to further develop fundamental movement skills, integrate these skills in their roles and occupations and increase engagement in meaningful physical activity in the long term.