Using a complexity lens to address local food dilemmas in Northern Ontario: The viability of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding

Abstract

Using the lens of complex adaptive systems theory, we review the emergence of the local food movement within the broader systems of the industrial approach to food and in the unique context of northern Ontario. We argue that this systems thinking perspective reveals potential pathways to supporting transformative change and food system resilience. Crowdsourcing, a form of distributed problem solving, is reviewed as a potential tool for enhancing both engagement and innovation when tackling complex problems. Crowdfunding, an online approach for leveraging financial support from a broad group of people, is reviewed as a unique tool for supporting local initiatives while also enhancing engagement. These approaches are explored through two case studies. Recommendations for future work with these tools are provided. We conclude by discussing the value of the systems thinking perspective for both understanding complex problems in the food system context and identifying innovative solutions.