Preconditioning improves energy metabolism during reperfusion but does not attenuate myocardial stunning in porcine hearts

Abstract

Background. It has been reported that a brief period of coronary occlusion and reperfusion slows the rate of ATP depletion during subsequent sustained ischemia as well as limiting infarct size. However, it has not yet been determined whether ischemic preconditioning also has an effect on the functional and metabolic recovery of stunned myocardium. Our study was designed to address this problem. Methods and Results. Farm pigs were anesthetized with fluothane and randomly assigned to either a control group or a preconditioned group. The control group (n=15) underwent 15 minutes of coronary occlusion followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. The preconditioned group (n=14) underwent two episodes of 5-minute occlusion and 5-minute reperfusion followed by 15 minutes of occlusion and 120 minutes of reperfusion. This protocol was designed to exclude the stunning effect of the preconditioning procedure itself as much as possible besides preconditioning the heart. A pair of ultrasonic crystals was implanted in the area at risk perfused by the left anterior descending coronary artery. 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and sonomicrometry were performed alternately. Regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) was determined with colored microspheres. At 15 minutes of sustained ischemia, phosphocreatine (Pcr), ATP, and intracellular pH were significantly better preserved in the preconditioned group (Pcr: control/preconditioned, 1±1%/14±1%; ATP:control/preconditioned, 66±2%/74±2%; pH:control/preconditioned, 6.32±0.07/6.52±0.05; P