Anti-diabetic activity by invitro inhibition of α-amylase enzyme and phytochemical screening of phyllanthus niruri.

Abstract

Phyllanthus is a large genus of shrubs, trees and rare herbs of the family Euphorbiaceae, comprising more than 600 species [1]. The aim of this project was to identify the phytochemicals present in P. niruri and the antidiabetic activity of the ethanolic extracts of the plant. The phytochemical analysis for alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinone, phenols, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, total phenolics, total flavonoids, carbohydrates and amino acids were made by following standard procedures. The antidiabetic property of the plant extract was evaluated using insulin as standards through inhibition of alpha-amylase enzyme activity. The presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, coumarins, anthraquinones and amino acids was observed. The total phenolic content in the extract was measured using catechol (standard) and a graph was plotted with concentration on X axis and absorbance on the Y axis. The total phenolic content was calculated. The calibration curves of α-amylase inhibition of Insulin and P. niruri was used to calculate the IC50 value. The major outcome of the study indicated that the plant extract has potent antidiabetic activity . The standard drug insulin at highest concentration (100µg/ ml) showed 72.82% inhibitory effects on the α-amylase activity with an IC50 value 62.49 (µg/ml). The ethanolic extracts of P. niruri at highest concentration showed 52.17% inhibitory effect on α-amylase activity with an IC50 value 92.69. The study resulted as P. niruri is rich in phytochemicals alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, amino acids, tannins, anthraquinone, coumarins that have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity Hence, corroborates the use of P. niruri can be used traditional medicine as a anti-diabetic and have beneficial role for human health.