The giant R wave of acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

The common clinical electrocardiographic criteria for diagnosis of acute transmural myocardial infarction include ST segment elevation and tall, upright T waves, but do not include changes in QRS morphology. The purpose of this study was to show that development of a 50% or greater increase in R wave amplitude, the giant R wave, in patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction occurs, and also to characterize changes in QRS morphology which may aid the ECG diagnosis of acute transmural myocardial infarction. Over the past 6 years, 36 patients with an increase in R wave amplitude during acute transmural myocardial infarction were identified at the Strong Memorial Hospital Coronary Care Unit. A significant increase in R wave height (0.33 ± 0.10 to 0.97 ± 0.08 mV, p<0.05), width (0.03 ± 0.00 to 0.08 ± 0.01, p<0.05) and area (0.01 ± 0.00 to 0.05 ± 0.01 mV-msec, p<0.05) appeared in the same ECG lead demonstrating ST segment elevation and tall T waves during the acute phase of transmural myocardial infarction. Patients with diaphragmatic myocardial infarction showed a significant (p<0.05) rightward QRS frontal plane axis shift and patients with anterior wall myocardial infarctions developed an anterior QRS axis shift in the horizontal plane during occurrence of the giant R wave. We conclude from this preliminary study that the giant R wave may be observed during acute transmural myocardial infarction and may in part be caused by local intramyocarcdial conduction delay in acutely ischemic tissue as supported by an increase in the R wave width along with shifts in the frontal and horizontal plane QRS axis toward the area of acute ischemia. The giant R wave occurs in conjunction with ST segment elevation and tall T waves and may aid the ECG diagnosis of acute transmural myocardial infarction.