Diagnostic significance of orbit shape analysis and its application to improve machine fault detection

Abstract

The full spectrum analysis of rotating machine vibrations is a diagnostic tool that enables the symptoms of some special types of fault to be clearly detected. The Shape and Directivity Index (SDI) of journal filtered orbits is an additional diagnostic parameter whose evaluation can be combined with the full spectrum analysis. The ellipticity of the filtered orbit, as well as the amplitude and the inclination angle of the major axis of the orbit, are parameters whose analysis can provide important diagnostic information. In order to validate the proposed approach, the vibrations of a large turbine-generator unit that was subjected to rotor-to-stator rubs have been analyzed in this paper. The results of this investigation have been used to update the model of the rotor-system that has been used to identify the location and the severity of the fault. In the paper, the improvements in the accuracy of the fault identification provided by the model updating enabled by the SDI analysis are shown.