Factores asociados con la conversión de la colecistectomía laparoscópica a colecistectomía abierta

Abstract

Acute cholecystitis is an inflammation of the vesicular wall whose treatment is purely surgical: a laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the procedure of choice. This can be converted intraoperatively due to complications of the intervention, patient factors or factors associated with the surgeon. The aim of this study was to establish the frequency and the association of conversions of laparoscopic cholecystectomies based on hematological laboratory tests and abdominal ultrasound as well as sociodemographic factors. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study that was carried out from January 1 to November 3, 2015. Clinical histories of patients who had been with diagnosed with benign vesicular pathologies who underwent vesicular surgical procedures were reviewed. Results: Of the cases reviewed, 35.5% patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomies, and of these cases 42.8% of the procedures were converted to conventional surgery. The majority of the patients were women (72.8%), but conversions were most frequent among men. The most frequent preoperative diagnosis was cholelithiasis (98.3%). Age greater than 50 years presented an odds ratio of 0.55, while leukocytosis had an odds ratio of 0.40, both variables were statistically significant (P = <0.05). Conclusions: It was determined that ages over 50 years and/or a leukocyte count over 10,000 mm3 are risk factors for failure of laparoscopic cholecystectomies. In addition, factors related to the surgeon must be taken into account.