Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on male and female reproductive systems

Abstract

Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle has a wide range of application in industrial and consumer products especially in cosmetics such as high sun protection factor creams in order to protect the skin from UV light. In spite of its increased production and use there is not enough epidemiological data regarding TiO2 nanoparticle toxicity. Toxic effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on human reproductive systems have been investigated by many studies mostly by employing animal models, but results are extremely conflicted and inconsistent. In this review we summarized published data about the effects of TiO2 nanoparticle on male and female reproductive systems to clarify its possible toxic effects on reproduction and fertility.