Phytoestrogens

Abstract

Phytoestrogens are diphenolic compounds that structurally resemble the human sex hormone, estrogen. This shining similarity of these compounds at the molecular level provides phytoestrogens the ability to mildly mimic and in some cases act as an antagonist to estrogen. Phytoestrogens can be grouped into three main classes: coumestans, isoflavones, and lignans. Coumestans are found in red clover and alfalfa, with smaller amounts in split peas and bean sprouts. Isoflavones are found primarily in soybeans and soy products and are probably the best known and intensely investigated for their substantial health benefits among the three classes. Lignans are found in many cereals and grains, with the highest amounts occurring in flaxseed. Despite their more widespread occurrence in foods and their greater consumption in Western populations, the lignans have received comparatively little attention.