Peculiarities of heart rate variability of female students with various motion states

Abstract

Objectives: The study of effect of sports loads on adaptive and regulatory capabilities of female students' bodies with various motion states is of interest from the perspective of discovery of mechanisms of long-term and individual adaptation to physical effects. Method: Female students, which are the members of volleyball and basketball group (53 persons) aged 18-21, served as test subjects. Female students not engaged in sports activities (save for 2 hours of physical education per week) have been examined as a control group. Electrocardiogram (ECG) recording and calculation of heart rate variability (HRV) were carried out by means of Poly-Spectrum-8/EX hardware and software complex in prone position for 5 minutes. Findings: Two regulation groups have been identified in each sport: with the predominance of central and autonomous type of regulation. The first group with the predominance of central type of regulation is characterized with lower values of time analysis - SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50%, CV% - and high SI. The predominance of slow waves of the first order (LF) and the second order (VLF) has been registered in the rate spectrum. Sports physical loads result in growth of general power of regulatory impact, which increases adaptive capabilities of female athletes' bodies. Sports activity in the course of volleyball and basketball training sharpen tension of adaptive mechanisms and significantly increase "adaptation price" for representatives of the first group; especially high tension of adaptive mechanisms was found in the first group of female basketball players. The most favorable adaptive status was shown by female athletes of group 2, which makes it possible to conclude that sports physical loads favorably affect female athletes of this group, since they had significantly higher adaptive potential as compared to the test subjects. Application: In general, sports activities promote normalization of regulatory mechanisms status and reduction of quantity of members of the first adaptation group (with predominance of central regulation type). Such regulation type is characteristic of the absolute minority of female athletes, while a half of the test subjects, who are not female athletes, demonstrate such regulation type.